Tuberculosis testing using polymerase chain reaction (PCR or TB-PCR) is a highly sensitive and specific molecular test designed to detect the DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis complex) in clinical samples such as sputum, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue. Techniques such as real-time PCR or isothermal DNA amplification assays (such as GeneXpert MTB/RIF) are used to simultaneously detect the bacteria and their resistance to rifampicin.