Quantitative analysis of amino acids in plasma is a specialized assay using high-resolution techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or tandem mass spectrometry (Tandem MS). It accurately measures the concentrations of essential and non-essential amino acids in a blood plasma sample (typically more than 35–40 amino acids). It analyzes patterns of elevation or decrease in these amino acids, which reflect abnormalities in their metabolic pathways, allowing for the diagnosis of a wide range of congenital amino acid metabolism disorders.