Microbiological water analysis is a laboratory test performed on water samples to assess their quality and biological safety. The focus is on detecting and counting key bacterial indicators of fecal contamination, such as total coliforms and fecal coliforms (E. coli), which suggest the potential presence of dangerous pathogens. The test may also include searching for other specific bacteria (such as Salmonella, Vibrio cholerae) or parasites, depending on the purpose of the analysis.