Immunohistochemistry is used to detect the expression of the epithelial cell surface antigen BerEP4. This antibody recognizes EGP (epithelial glycoprotein) proteins found on the membranes of most epithelial cells, including cancer cells derived from them. It is primarily used to differentiate between epithelial carcinomas and tumors of non-epithelial origin (such as lymphoma, melanoma, and sarcoma), particularly in effusion or metastatic samples.