This test measures the concentration of vitamin A (retinol) in serum. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin absorbed from food (as the precursor beta-carotene from plants or retinol directly from animal products) and stored in the liver. It plays a vital role in vision (as a component of rhodopsin in the retina), cell growth and differentiation, immune function, and the health of the skin and mucous membranes. The serum level reflects recent dietary intake and the balance between its release from liver stores and its utilization in tissues.