This test measures the concentration of triglycerides in the blood serum. Triglycerides are the body's main form of energy storage, produced in the liver from excess sugars or absorbed from fatty foods. They are transported in the blood by lipoproteins such as chylomicrons and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Elevated triglyceride levels (hypertriglyceridemia) are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, and are often accompanied by insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.