Molecular genetic analysis to detect abnormal repeats of trinucleotide sequences (often CAG repeats) in specific genes responsible for the most common forms of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), types 1, 2, 3 (Machado-Joseph disease), 6, 7, and 17. The number of repeats is determined, as an excess of the normal number is associated with disease occurrence and can be related to age of onset and symptom severity.