A diagnostic microbiological examination involves collecting a semen sample and culturing it on selective culture media rich in aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and in some cases, fungi. The primary goal is to isolate and identify infectious microorganisms (such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, or Chlamydia) in the male reproductive tract (prostate, seminal vesicles, epididymis, and testes). Antibiotic susceptibility testing (antibiogram) is performed on any isolated bacteria to guide precise drug therapy.