This laboratory test measures the concentration of the cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1B) in blood serum or other body fluids. IL-1B is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced primarily by activated macrophages and plays a pivotal role in the innate immune response. It stimulates the production of other inflammatory mediators, induces fever, and activates immune cells. It is used to measure and assess systemic inflammation in autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, and the response to infection and sepsis.