Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA assay by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a highly sensitive and specific molecular analysis that measures the amount of HBV DNA in blood plasma. The result is expressed as viral copies per milliliter (copies/mL) or in international units per milliliter (IU/mL). This measurement is the most direct and accurate indicator of the level of active viral replication, surpassing serological tests such as HBeAg.