A folate test measures the level of this B vitamin (vitamin B9) in blood serum or red blood cells (RBC folate). Folate is essential for DNA synthesis and cell division, and is especially vital during periods of rapid growth such as pregnancy and childhood. It also works with vitamin B12 to convert homocysteine to methionine, which protects blood vessels and supports heart health. A serum test measures recent intake, while a red blood cell test reflects the body's long-term stores.