Measuring serum ferritin concentration. Ferritin is an intracellular iron storage protein, and the amount of ferritin in the blood is directly proportional to the body's total iron stores (approximately 1 ng/mL of ferritin corresponds to 8 mg of stored iron). It is the most sensitive and reliable indicator for assessing iron stores, as it decreases in the very early stages of iron deficiency and increases in cases of iron overload or inflammation.