A qualitative or quantitative serological test evaluating the level of IgM antibodies targeted against Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in blood serum. IgM antibodies represent the immune system's primary response upon initial exposure to the pathogen (primary infection) or during specific instances of viral reactivation. They generally manifest within one to two weeks post-infection and remain detectable for several weeks to a few months prior to diminishing, acting as a crucial diagnostic marker for an acute or recent CMV infection.