A quantitative test that measures the level of C-peptide in blood serum or sometimes in urine. C-peptide is a short protein chain that separates from the proinsulin molecule during the production and storage of active insulin in pancreatic beta cells. It is secreted in equal amounts with the active insulin molecule (one-to-one). Its measurement is considered an excellent and reliable indicator of the amount of endogenous (self-produced) insulin secreted by the pancreas, as it is not affected by external insulin injections and has a longer half-life in the blood.