The 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) test is a quantitative measurement of the serum level of this steroid intermediate. 17-OHP is produced in the adrenal glands and gonads and is an important precursor to both cortisol (in the adrenal glands) and androgens such as androstenedione and testosterone. The test is primarily used to diagnose 21-hydroxylase deficiency, which is the cause of more than 90% of cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), where the enzyme deficiency leads to a significant accumulation of 17-OHP.