A microbiological examination involves collecting a sample from the base of the newborn's umbilical cord (the area surrounding the root) using a sterile swab, especially if signs of inflammation are present. The swab is cultured on a nutrient medium to grow the bacteria causing the infection. After identifying the growing bacteria, antibiotic sensitivity testing is performed to determine the most effective drug. This test aims to diagnose umbilical cord infection (sepsis) and umbilical vessel infection (Umbilical Vessel Infection), infections that can spread rapidly and cause sepsis in newborns.