A non-treponemal serological test is used as a preliminary screening test for Treponema pallidum infection, the bacterium that causes syphilis. These tests (such as RPR or VDRL) rely on detecting non-specific antibodies produced by the body in response to tissue damage caused by the infection. A positive result always requires confirmation with a specific treponemal test (such as TPHA or FTA-ABS) due to the possibility of false positives.