The immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody test for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a serological test that detects the body's initial immune response to this virus. IgM appears in the blood during the first days to weeks after the initial infection or in some cases of reactivation, then gradually disappears, replaced by long-lasting antibodies (IgG). It is used to help diagnose acute or recent infections, especially when interpreted in conjunction with the IgG antibody test result.