The mineral and electrolyte panel is a set of laboratory tests that measure the levels of essential minerals (iron, zinc, magnesium, copper, calcium, and phosphorus) and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and chloride) in blood serum. These elements play vital roles as cofactors for enzymes, in nerve transmission, muscle contraction, maintenance of acid-base balance and osmotic pressure, and in bone and blood formation. Any imbalance in these elements can affect essential bodily functions.