This serological test measures the titer of bactericidal antibodies or capsular polysaccharide antibodies against meningococcal serotypes, focusing on the most common pathogenic serotypes (A, B, C, W-135, and Y). These protective antibodies are essential for eliminating the bacteria and preventing invasive disease. The test is used to assess the immune response after meningococcal vaccination, to evaluate immunity in at-risk individuals, and sometimes to aid in diagnosis.