The rubella (German measles) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody test is a serological test that detects a long-lasting and sustained immune response to the rubella virus. A positive IgG result indicates immunity, whether acquired through MMR vaccination or from a previous natural infection. This immunity is essential for preventing congenital rubella syndrome if infection occurs during pregnancy. This test is not used to diagnose acute rubella infection (where IgM is required).