The quantitative glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) test measures the activity of the enzyme G6PD in the blood (usually in red blood cells). G6PD is an essential enzyme in the pentose phosphatase pathway, which protects cells (especially red blood cells) from oxidative damage by producing NADPH and reduced glutathione. Its deficiency is the most common enzyme disorder worldwide and leads to the breakdown of red blood cells (hemolysis) upon exposure to certain oxidizing agents.